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From: bschlesinger at ndadsb-f.gsfc.nasa.gov (Barry M. Schlesinger)
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Subject: ANNOUNCE: Superseded FITS Basics and Information discontinued
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As already announced, the FITS Basics and Information Web page and 
text file have been replaced by four separate Web pages:

A Brief Introduction to the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)
FITS Documents
Software and Sample Data
On-line Sources of FITS Information

Since the new pages became available, the FITS Basics and Information 
has not been updated; only the new pages have been maintained.  As of 
this announcement, the FITS Basics and Information files will be 
replaced by directions to the FITS Support Office World Wide Web 
pages, for the benefit of those who arrive there by way of obsolete 
links.  


				Barry Schlesinger
				FITS Support Office
				GSFC/ADF



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As a result of changes in the hardware at SSDOO, the only copy of the
FITS ftp files that will be maintained in the future will be that at
ftp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/fits/ ; there will no longer be a copy at
nssdca.gsfc.nasa gov. 

The FITS Support Office World Wide Web pages at 
http://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/ are unaffected by this change and can be 
used to access all FITS Support Office material.

				Barry Schlesinger
 				FITS Support Office
				GSFC/ADF


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To: fitsbits at fits.cv.nrao.edu
Date: 07 Nov 1997 12:00:55 +0100
From: gvacanti at estsa2.estec.esa.nl (Giuseppe Vacanti)
Message-ID: <lh200t7yu0.fsf at sapc47.estec.esa.nl>
Organization: European Space Agency
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Subject: A question about the standard
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Greetings.

I have a question about the FITS standard that I haven't been able to
address by reading NOST 100-1.1.

4.3.1 says that in the header of a primary HDU card imnages without
information shall be filled with ASCII blanks.

5.1.1 (syntax of card images) says that header (any header I suppose)
card images shall consist of key word (mandatory I suppose), optional
value, and optional comment.

Now my question is: is it legal to have (before the END key word) a
card image filled with blanks? 

I have this problem in the header of a binary table extension. Trying
to answer this question I noted that FTOOLS's fverify says the file is
ok, FTOOLS's fv cannot display the extension containing such cards
(but it doesn't complain), CFITSIO reports an error (202=key word does
not exist), FTOOLS's fdump will gladly show the header. 

So I'm getting mixed replies from the software. Would anybody care to
comment on this problem?

Thanks.

Giuseppe Vacanti






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To: fitsbits at fits.cv.nrao.edu
Date: 7 Nov 1997 15:02 EDT
From: bschlesinger at ndadsb-f.gsfc.nasa.gov (Barry M. Schlesinger)
Message-ID: <7NOV199715020057 at nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov>
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References: <lh200t7yu0.fsf at sapc47.estec.esa.nl>
Reply-To: fits at nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
Subject: Re: A question about the standard
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In article <lh200t7yu0.fsf at sapc47.estec.esa.nl>, gvacanti at astro.estec.esa.nl (Giuseppe Vacanti) writes...
> 
>Greetings.
> 
>I have a question about the FITS standard that I haven't been able to
>address by reading NOST 100-1.1.
> 
>4.3.1 says that in the header of a primary HDU card imnages without
>information shall be filled with ASCII blanks.
> 
>5.1.1 (syntax of card images) says that header (any header I suppose)
>card images shall consist of key word (mandatory I suppose), optional
>value, and optional comment.
> 
>Now my question is: is it legal to have (before the END key word) a
>card image filled with blanks? 

Yes.  5.2.2.4 (Commentary Keywords - Keyword Field is blank) addresses 
this question
     "Columns 9-80 may contain any ASCII text.  Any number of card
      images with blank keyword fields may appear in the header."
As is the case for the HISTORY and COMMENT keywords, a blank keyword 
field implies that the contents of columns 9-80 are to be treated as 
a comment.  The comment may be blank, and if the keyword field is also 
blank, the entire card is blank. 

> 
>... in the header of a binary table extension. 
>...  FTOOLS's fverify says the file is
>ok, FTOOLS's fv cannot display the extension containing such cards
>(but it doesn't complain), CFITSIO reports an error (202=key word does
>not exist), FTOOLS's fdump will gladly show the header. 
> 
>So I'm getting mixed replies from the software. Would anybody care to
>comment on this problem?
> 

This question should be answered by the FTOOLS team.


					Barry Schlesinger
					FITS Support Office
					GSFC/ADF


From owner-fitsbits  Sun Nov  9 22:04:29 1997
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To: fitsbits at fits.cv.nrao.edu
Date: Sat, 08 Nov 1997 15:31:45 -0800
From: Tom Perotti <tperotti at ix.netcom.com>
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Organization: disorganized
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Subject: Index of Data (picture) sources
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Is there a list of sources fo fits format pictures avaiable to amatures
and the general public?  If so where?
thanks


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To: fitsbits at fits.cv.nrao.edu
Date: 10 Nov 1997 11:54:01 -0000
From: Clive Page <cgp at nospam.le.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <646skp$i6u at owl.le.ac.uk>
Organization: University of Leicester, UK
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Subject: Re: A question about the standard
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In article <lh200t7yu0.fsf at sapc47.estec.esa.nl>,
Giuseppe Vacanti <gvacanti at astro.estec.esa.nl> wrote:
>I have a question about the FITS standard that I haven't been able to
>address by reading NOST 100-1.1.
>
[snip]
>
>Now my question is: is it legal to have (before the END key word) a
>card image filled with blanks? 
>

My version of document NOST 100-1.1 "Definition of the Flexible Image
Transport System (FITS)" issued by GSFC says in section 5.2.2.4 entitled 
"Commentary Keywords", near the top of page 19:
 
"Keyword field is blank: Columns 1-8 contain ASCII blanks.  Columns
 9-80 contain any ASCII text.  Any number of card images with blank
 keywords may appear in a header"

So if columns 1-8 are blank, the rest of the card image may contain
anything, including all blanks, and is treated as a comment line.  This
seems clear enough to me.   Lots of our FITS data files contain blank lines
and fverify seems to think they are ok, and I have never had problems with
them (up to now).   But I'd welcome more authoritative comments...


-- 
-- 
Clive Page,
Dept of Physics & Astronomy,        
University of Leicester.         


From owner-fitsbits  Tue Nov 11 16:25:02 1997
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To: fitsbits at fits.cv.nrao.edu
Date: 11 Nov 1997 16:22:59 -0500
From: Don Wells <dwells at nrao.edu>
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Subject: FITS year-2000 DATExxxx agreement approved by IAU-FWG
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Dear friends of FITS,

I am pleased to announce that the IAU FITS Working Group has approved the
final version of the FITS year-2000 DATExxxx agreement, which I append
below. Please note section 7 ("Transition") in the text, in which the
IAU-FWG recommends that "..readers should be altered as soon as possible to
cope with the new format.." and "..FITS writers should commence writing the
new format between 1999-01-01T00:00:00 and 2000-01-01T00:00:00." _All_ FITS
reading and writing software must be examined and tested for conformance to
these new rules in order to be prepared for full interchange of the new
date syntax in 1999.

Please circulate copies of this announcement widely, link HTML pages to URL
http://www.cv.nrao.edu/fits/documents/standards/year2000.txt and please
alert observatory and institute directors, department Chairs, managers of
astronomical software groups, etc, to the need to implement this agreement
systematically in order to maintain FITS interoperability.

Regards,
Don Wells (Chair, IAU FITS Working Group) 

  Donald C. Wells         Associate Scientist         dwells at nrao.edu
                    http://fits.cv.nrao.edu/~dwells
  National Radio Astronomy Observatory                +1-804-296-0277
  520 Edgemont Road,   Charlottesville, Virginia       22903-2475 USA

  -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

The following text was approved on 1997-11-10 by a formal vote of the IAU
FITS Working Group, the body which controls the FITS standards under the
authority of the International Astronomical Union. The rules specified
below are now a part of the FITS standards.  -Don Wells (Chair, IAU-FWG)

			 -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

                  Precise re-definition of DATE-OBS Keyword
                         encompassing the millennium
 
                         Peter Bunclark 1996 Nov 19
                      Amended: Arnold Rots 1997-10-24T21:03:30
 
                             1) Introduction

Although this document formally defines the format of the value field of
the DATE-OBS keyword, the same format applies to the value field of all
keywords beginning with the string "DATE" that have a value containing
date, and optionally time, information.  Known examples of such keywords,
used in the exchange of date information, are DATE, DATE-OBS, DATE-END,
and DATE-MAP.  We shall refer to these keywords collectively as DATExxxx.

The original DATExxxx keywords, including in particular DATE-OBS,  have
several shortcomings which make it desirable to alter the definition:
1.1) The year is expressed in only two digits; currently, digitized
      astronomical data span more than a century; and furthermore, the
      implied most-significant two digits of the year will change from
      19 to 20 shortly.
1.2) The timescale of DATExxxx is not defined.
1.3) The relation of DATE-OBS to the start, middle or end of an observation
     is not defined.
1.4) The order of day, month, year is least-significant first, so lists
     of dates cannot be sorted simply on the ASCII collating sequence.
 
                               2) Scope

Three main issues are addressed:
2.1) The format of date strings to be used in any DATExxxx keyword.
2.2) The future of the DATE-OBS keyword itself.
2.3) The specification of the time scales (time systems) used.

                    3) The Date-String format Proposal
 
3.1) A DATExxxx field in the old format of 'DD/MM/YY' will explicitly refer
   to a year 1900-1999.  The very few instances of digitized nineteenth-century
   plates represented as FITS files (only files created before this proposal
   went into effect) must be handled as special cases.
 
3.2) The new format is a restricted subset of
   ISO-8601, being one of two options:
   a) 'CCYY-MM-DD'
   b) 'CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[.sss...]'

   <CCYY> represents a calendar year, <MM> the ordinal number of a calendar
   month within the calendar year, and <DD> the ordinal number of a day
   within the calendar month.  <hh> represents the hour in the day, <mm>
   the minutes, <ss[.s...]> the seconds.  The value of the integer part of
   the seconds field is normally in the range [0..59] but may take the value
   60, if the time scale is UTC, to indicate a leap second.  The literal 'T'
   is the ISO 8601 time designator.

   In the short form (a), there must not be any additional terminator/separator
   (such as T).  In the long form, there must be a 'T' time designator
   between the date and the time.
   The decimal point character is an ASCII full-stop (hexadecimal value 0x2E).
   The number of decimal places in the `seconds' field may be arbitrarily 
   long, up to the FITS header-card limitations.
 
3.3) Only fully-specified date or date/time strings are permitted. No fields
   may be defaulted, no leading zeroes omitted.  The decimal part of
   the seconds field is optional.
 
                    4) Use of the DATE-OBS keyword
 
4.1) The name of the keyword shall remain DATE-OBS.
 
4.2) Henceforth, DATE-OBS shall be assumed to refer to the start of an
   observation.  Other interpretations must be clearly explained in the
   comment field.

4.3) The default interpretation of all DATExxxx keywords shall use the
   Gregorian Calendar for the date portion.

4.4) The value of the DATExxxx keywords, with the exception of DATE (see
   section 5), shall be expressed in the principal time scale or time system
   of the HDU to which they belong.  The default interpretation shall use
   UTC (for dates since 1972) or UT (for dates before 1972).  If there is
   any chance of ambiguity as to which is the principal time scale, the
   choice shall be clarified in comments.
 
4.5) It is recommended that the time scale or time system be specified
   explicitly.  However, implementors can be assured that the error resulting
   from ignoring the time scale specification and making the default
   assumption will not exceed 1000 s for the period 1001-01-01 through
   3000-12-31.

4.6) By default, times will be deemed to be as measured at the detector (or
   in practical cases, at the observatory) for TAI and times that run
   synchronously with TAI (i.e., UTC and TT).  In the case of coordinate
   times (such as TCG and TCB) and TDB which are tied to an unambiguous
   coordinate origin, the default meaning of time values will be: time as if
   the observation had taken place at the origin of the coordinate time
   system.  These defaults follow common practice; a future convention on
   time scale issues in FITS files may allow other combinations but shall
   preserve this default behavior.

                      5) Use of the DATE keyword

5.1) The date-time string value of the DATE keyword indicates the creation
   time of the HDU.

5.2) The value of the DATE keyword shall always be expressed in UTC whenever
   the date-string format defined in this proposal is used, in all HDUs
   created on earth.
 
                          6) Examples

Three legal representations of the date of October 14, 1996, are possible:
 
DATE-OBS= '14/10/96'           / Original format, means 1996 Oct 14.

DATE-OBS= '1996-10-14'         / Date of start of observation, by default UTC.

DATE-OBS= '1996-10-14T10:14:36.123' / Date and time of start of obs. in UTC.
 
                          7) Transition
 
FITS readers must continue to interpret the old format, as a twentieth
century date (with the year "00" to be interpreted as "1900"), indefinitely.
Readers should be altered as soon as possible to cope with the new format.
In order to give adequate time for the major package writers to revise their
software, FITS writers should commence writing the new format between
1999-01-01T00:00:00 and 2000-01-01T00:00:00.

FITS writing code which must be distributed and operated before 1999-01-01
should be coded to test the current year to decide whether to use the old
date format or the new format. Cases of DATE-OBS before 1900-01-01 should
always be written with the new format.
 
                    A) Appendix: Suggested time scale specification

       [Note: this appendix is not part of the formal DATExxxx agreement]

A.1) Use of the keyword TIMESYS is suggested as an implementation of the time
   scale specification.  It sets the principal time system for time-related
   keywords and data in the HDU (i.e., it does not preclude the addition of
   keywords or data columns that provide information for transformations to
   other time scales, such as sidereal times or barycenter corrections).
   Each HDU shall contain not more than one TIMESYS keyword.
   Initially, officially allowed values are:
      UTC  Coordinated Universal Time; defined since 1972.
      UT   Universal Time, equal to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) since 1925;
            the UTC equivalent before 1972;
            see: Explanatory Supplement, p. 76.
      TAI  International Atomic Time; "UTC without the leap seconds";
            31 s ahead of UTC on 1997-07-01.
      IAT  International Atomic Time; deprecated synonym of TAI.
      ET   Ephemeris Time, the predecessor of TT; valid until 1984.
      TT   Terrestrial Time, the IAU standard time scale since 1984;
            continuous with ET and synchronous with (but 32.184 s ahead of)
            TAI.
      TDT  Terrestrial Dynamical Time; =TT.
      TDB  Barycentric Dynamical Time.
      TCG  Geocentric Coordinate Time; runs ahead of TT since 1977-01-01
            at a rate of approximately 22 ms/year.
      TCB  Barycentric Coordinate Time; runs ahead of TDB since 1977-01-01
            at a rate of approximately 0.5 s/year.
   For reference, see:
      Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, P. K. Seidelmann,
         ed., University Science Books, 1992, ISBN 0-935702-68-7.
      http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/systime.html
   Use of GPS time (19 s behind TAI) is deprecated.

A.2) By default, times will be deemed to be as measured at the detector (or
   in practical cases, at the observatory) for times that run synchronously
   with TAI (i.e., TAI, UTC, and TT).  In the case of coordinate times (such
   as TCG and TCB) and TDB which are tied to an unambiguous coordinate origin,
   the default meaning of time values will be: time as if the observation
   had taken place at the origin of the coordinate time system.  These
   defaults follow common practice; a future convention on time scale issues
   in FITS files may allow other combinations but shall preserve this default
   behavior.  The rationale is that raw observational data are most likely
   to be tagged by a clock that is synchronized with TAI, while a
   transformation to coordinate times or TDB is usually accompanied by a
   spatial transformation, as well.  This implies that path length differences
   have been corrected for.  Note that the difference TDB-UTC, in that case,
   is approximately sinusoidal, with period one year and amplitude up to
   500 s, depending on source position.  Also, note that when the location
   is not unambiguous (such as in the case of an interferometer) precise
   specification of the location is strongly encouraged in, for instance,
   geocentric Cartesian coordinates.

A.3) Note that "TT" is the IAU preferred standard.  It may be considered
   equivalent to "TDT" and "ET", though "ET" should not be used for data
   taken after 1984.  For reference, see: Explanatory Supplement, pp. 40-48.

A.4) If the TIMESYS keyword is absent or has an unrecognized value,
   the value "UTC" will be assumed for dates since 1972, and "UT" for
   pre-1972 data.

A.5) Examples
   The three legal representations of the date of October 14, 1996, from
   Section 6 might be written as:
 
DATE-OBS= '14/10/96'           / Original format, means 1996 Oct 14.

TIMESYS = 'UTC     '           / Explicit time scale specification: UTC.
DATE-OBS= '1996-10-14'         / Date of start of observation in UTC.

DATE-OBS= '1996-10-14'         / Date of start of observation, also in UTC.

TIMESYS = 'TT      '           / Explicit time scale specification: TT.
DATE-OBS= '1996-10-14T10:14:36.123' / Date and time of start of obs. in TT.

A.6) The convention suggested in this Appendix is part of the mission-specific
   FITS conventions adopted for, and used in, the RXTE archive, building on
   existing High Energy Astrophysics FITS conventions.  See:
      http://legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xte/abc/time_tutorial.html
      http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xte/abc/time.html
   The VLBA project has adopted a convention where the keyword TIMSYS, rather
   than TIMESYS, is used, currently allowing the values UTC and IAT.
   See p.9 and p.16 of:
      http://www.cv.nrao.edu/fits/documents/drafts/vlba_format.ps


From owner-fitsbits  Thu Nov 13 17:10:58 1997
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Date: Thu, 13 Nov 1997 16:46:29 -0500
From: pence at tetra.gsfc.nasa.gov (William Pence)
Message-Id: <199711132146.QAA27085 at tetra.gsfc.nasa.gov>
To: fitsbits at fits.cv.nrao.edu
Subject: Re: A question about the standard
Cc: pence at tetra.gsfc.nasa.gov
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Giuseppe Vacanti wrote:

> Now my question is: is it legal to have (before the END key word) a
> card image filled with blanks? 
>
> I have this problem in the header of a binary table extension. Trying
> to answer this question I noted that FTOOLS's fverify says the file is
> ok, FTOOLS's fv cannot display the extension containing such cards
> (but it doesn't complain), CFITSIO reports an error (202=key word does
> not exist), FTOOLS's fdump will gladly show the header. 

Clive Page sent me a FITS file with this problem and it turned out not
to be related to the blank keywords, but instead due to the following
TDISPn keywords:

TDISP3  = 'f8.4    '           / display format 
TDISP7  = 'i8      '           / display format 

The fv program requires that the Fortran display format be given only
in upper case (e.g., 'F8.4' and 'I8') as is implied by the definition
of the TDISPn keyword in the Binary Tables Extension FITS paper.

We plan to change fv to be more lenient and allow lowercase format
characters in the TDISPn keywords, but the question remains whether
this is really legal.  Fortran-90 (and Fortran-77) allow lowercase
format descriptors, but the Binary Table definition document
specifically lists only uppercase format characters.

What say other FITS experts on whether lowercase TDISPn values are
legal?

-Bill Pence
NASA/GSFC

p.s.  I was unable to reproduce the error=202 in CFITSIO, so I suspect
that it is unrelated to this TDISP issue.

 


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Date: Fri, 14 Nov 1997 11:56:59 -0500
From: "Thomas A. McGlynn" <tam at silk.gsfc.nasa.gov>
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In response to Bill's question about lower case values from
the TDISPn keywords: I agree with hime that the standard
requires uppercase but I suppose readers can do whatever
they want with non-standard files.

However, I think there is a problem with another clearly
stated rule for FITS  that only the first 8 characters
of a character string value can be significant in decoding
the values in the FITS file.  I believe the following two
columns for a binary table are illegal.

TFORM1 = '16000000B'
TDIMS1 = '(4000,4000)'
TFORM2 = '1000I'
TDIMS2 = '(10,10,10)'

In the first case both the TFORM and TDIMS keyword
are invalid while in the second only the TDIMS is too long.

The first row might be a little unusual, but is certainly
feasible with current detectors.  The second is rather common.

I think that FITS binary tables need to support columns like these.
Am I right that they are illegal?  If so what should be about
this?

		Regards,

		Tom McGlynn
		tam at silk.gsfc.nasa.gov

P.S., On an unrelated topic, I've been revising Java FITS classes.
I'd be curious to know if there are any forseeable needs for FITS
to support long (i.e., 8 byte) integers now that this data type
is becoming more commonly available.


From owner-fitsbits  Tue Nov 25 14:33:19 1997
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From: Arnold Rots <arots at xebec.gsfc.nasa.gov>
Message-Id: <199711251808.NAA05525 at xebec.gsfc.nasa.gov>
Subject: JPL DE200 and DE405 in FITS; Barycenter Code
To: fitsbits at nrao.edu, heafits at olegacy.gsfc.nasa.gov, ems at smyles.jpl.nasa.gov,
        djt at bartok.gsfc.nasa.gov, pulsar at puppsr12.Princeton.EDU,
        psrnews at physics.usyd.edu.au
Date: Tue, 25 Nov 1997 13:08:09 -0500 (EST)
Cc: xtegof-l at xebec.gsfc.nasa.gov, pks at spica.usno.navy.mil,
        rsinha at nesdis.noaa.gov (Ramesh Sinha),
        rmanches at atnf.csiro.au (Dick Manchester),
        vicky at space.mit.edu (Vicky Kaspi), agl at jb.man.ac.uk (Andrew Lyne),
        keith at xebec.gsfc.nasa.gov (Keith Jahoda)
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This is the announcement of the release of a FITS version of
the JPL DE200 and DE405 solar system ephemerides, and an ANSI-C
software package to access these ephemerides and calculate
barycenter corrections.  The package was developed for the
RXTE mission, but written in such a way that, where necssary,
mission-dependent functions can be plugged in for other space
missions, as well as for ground-based observatories.

I would like to emphasize that the FITS versions contain the
full DE ephemeris data (i.e., all planets) and use the original
Chebyshev polynomials.

This summer, the new JPL DE405 solar system ephemeris was
released.  That seemed a good reason to revamp XTE's barycenter
correction code and make it fully generic.  It would be good if
the astronomical community were to switch over to DE405 and I
hope that making this code available will further that cause.

In order to distinguish which planetary ephemeris (if any) has
been used to create a particular FITS file, I have adopted a
convention using the existing FITS keyword RADECSYS and the
new keyword PLEPHEM.
  DE200 is indicated by:
    RADECSYS= 'FK5'
    PLEPHEM = 'JPL-DE200'
  DE405 is indicated by:
    RADECSYS= 'ICRS'
    PLEPHEM = 'JPL-DE405'
In addition, the TIMESYS keyword, as defined in the Appendix
to the FITS Year-2000 resolution, is used.

The package may be obtained from:

    ftp://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/xte/calib_data/clock/bary

This directory contains a 00README and a gzipped tar file.
Appended below is the introduction of the 00README file.
The package requires the HEASARC's cfitsio library.

  - Arnold Rots
    NASA/GSFC - USRA    arots at xebec.gsfc.nasa.gov

    XTE-GOF
    Code 660.2
    GSFC
    Greenbelt, MD 20771

--------------------------------------------------------------

BARY
$Id: 00README,v 2.0 1997/11/25 14:56:24 arots Exp arots $

Arnold Rots
USRA
25 November 1997


A package containing:
  - the JPL DE200 and DE405 ephemerides (full Chebyshev polynomials)
    in FITS format;
  - ANSI standard C code to access those ephemerides;
  - new barycenter correction code that can use either ephemeris and
    starts from any of these time systems: UTC, ET, TT, TCG, TAI;
  - a phase binner that bins photon events in absolute phase, using
    the Princeton radio pulsar database (format);
  - a utility, baryFase, that calculates barycenter corrections and
    (optionally) absolute phase for any time and celestial position.

One should be aware that the JPL ephemeris, as distributed in "Unix"
format, are really IEEE; hence, those files will work just fine on,
say, a Sparc station, but will cause trouble on Alphas and Intel
machines.  The FITS format circumvents this problem.

Although the application is for barycenter corrections, the dpleph
version distributed as part of this package will allow retrieval
of positions for all members of the solar system contained in the
JPL DE ephemerides.

The barycenter package is geared toward space missions and detects
the identity of the mission through the TELESCOP or MISSION keywords
in the FITS headers.  However, it will be easy to include ground-based
observatories by inserting an appropriate geographic position function
for the "orbit ephemeris".  Indeed, the currently supported "missions"
are XTE and the Geocenter.


This directory contains the following files:

00README       This file
JPLEPH.200     FITS version of the JPL DE200 lunar and planetary
               ephemeris for 1950-2050
JPLEPH.405     FITS version of the JPL DE405 lunar and planetary
               ephemeris for 1950-2050
JPLEPH         Symbolic link to the default ephemeris
dpleph.c       Functions to access the JPL ephemeris
bary.c         General utilities and functions to calculate barycenter
               corrections
ctatv.c        Function to calculate TDB - TT
baryFase.c     Utility to calculate individual barycenter corrections
               and phase
phaseHist.c    Phase binner function: bins events in energy and
               absolute phase according to timing ephemeris
faseBin.c      The phase binner main function, or wrapper, for
               phaseHist
bary.h         Header file required by all
xCC.c          XTE clock correction function
bineph2fits.c  Utility to convert ephemerides to FITS


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Date: 26 Nov 1997 09:08 EDT
From: bschlesinger at ndadsb-f.gsfc.nasa.gov (Barry M. Schlesinger)
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Archive-name: astronomy/fits/info-sources
Last-modified: 1997/11/25


--------
		Sources of FITS Information 

Preface 	

This material on sources of Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)
information is posted and updated periodically by the FITS Support
Office at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).  It discusses
where general FITS information, including some answers to frequently
asked questions, can be found, and provides sources for detailed
information on FITS software and documentation. 

 -------

FITS Support Office

The FITS Support Office maintains a library of FITS information
accessible via http://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_home.html or
ftp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/fits/.  The material available includes 

o	"Definition of FITS", a codification of FITS for the 
	NASA/Science Office of Standards and Technology (NOST),
	available in LaTeX, uncompressed PostScript, compressed 
	PostScript and (often) ASCII text

o	"A User's Guide to FITS", published by the FITS Support Office, 
	in LaTeX, uncompressed PostScript, and gzipped PostScript 

o	Revisions to version 1.0 of the "Definition of FITS" covering the
	specification of units, which were incorporated 
	into version 1.1 (text)

o	A current list of the extension type (structure) names
	registered with the International Astronomical Union FITS
	Working Group (IAUFWG) (text)

o	Rules for physical blocking on various media adopted by
	the IAUFWG (text)  

o	The new format for DATExxxx keyword values endorsed by the
        IAUFWG, which provides for a four digit year, thus
        eliminating the year 2000 ambiguity of the old format, 
        and for both date and time. (text) 

In the same directory as fits_home.html and accessible from it 
are four files that contain an update and expansion of the
information that used to be in the FITS Basics and Information:

o	fits_intro.html: An overview of FITS

o	documents.html: A discussion of FITS documents  

o	software.html: A discussion of software packages that
	support FITS, including  FITS->image converters for
        various platforms, and a list of sample FITS files

o	info_sources.html: A discussion of on-line FITS resources

Links are provided to many of the documents, software, and network
locations listed. This FITS Support Office on-line material is
continually revised to reflect current FITS developments. 

The file whats_new.html contains an outline of the most recent
changes in the FITS Support Office Web pages and other developments
in the world of FITS.

There is also a hypertext version of the List of Registered Extensions. 

Links from the Web software page and a subdirectories of the main 
ftp directory contain
	
o	Software developed by the FITS Support Office.  

o	Error test files: primary HDUs useful for testing the ability
	of software designed to read FITS files to cope with files that 
	have errors or are non-standard.  These files should be 
	downloaded in binary form.

Printed copies of the material in the FITS directory can be obtained
from the Coordinated Request and User Support Office (CRUSO):  

(Postal) Coordinated Request and User Support Office
         Code 633
	 National Space Science Data Center
	 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
	 Greenbelt MD 20771 USA

(Electronic mail) request at nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov

(Telephone)  +1-301-286-6695 8:00 A. M. - 4:30 P.M. U. S. Eastern Time
(-0500 from the last Sunday in October through the first Saturday in
April; -0400 the remainder of the year) 
	When no one is available, messages can be left on voice mail. 
(FAX) +1-301-286-1635

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National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)

A FITS Archive can be found at URL http://fits.cv.nrao.edu/ or 
at ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits, located at NRAO.  This machine supports a
WAIS server named nrao-fits which has an index of all of the
FITS-related text files in the archive; the file nrao-fits.src is
available at 
ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits/wais-sources/nrao-fits.src.  

Some of the more noteworthy materials in this archive are 

o	Text of any detailed proposals currently being discussed by 
	the FITS committees

o	Drafts of other formally proposed additions to the FITS
        standard and of potential future proposals 

o	A collection of documents on World Coordinate Systems, 
	including the current draft proposal

o	Conventions specific to particular projects or disciplines

o 	Software for various environments and Usenet postings about
	code 

o	Sample data and special test files designed to measure the
        ability of a FITS reader to handle a wide variety of FITS files

o	Archives of traffic on FITS-related newsgroups and exploders

A separate NRAO site, http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~bcotton/fitsview.html,
provides information on the FITSview family of software packages for
display of FITS images on Microsoft Windows 3.1 and Windows 95, Apple
Macintosh, and Unix/X-Windows, with links to the software. It also links to
a number of sources of astronomical FITS images.                                                 

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HEASARC

The NASA/Goddard High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research
Center (HEASARC) Web server at 
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/fits.html and the anonymous
ftp access through ftp://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_info/ provide FITS
material.  HEASARC has developed the FITSIO package of software routines
for easily reading and writing FITS files, with FORTRAN and C versions
available, portable to a wide variety of machines.  There are also the
FTOOLS collection of software tools, the VERIFITS FITS conformance
verifier, and the fv FITS file viewer and editor. HEASARC software is
available directly through
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/tech_res_software.html or
ftp://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_info/software/ . 

The HEASARC server also provides information from the HEASARC FITS
Working Group, (HFWG) the internal legislative body on FITS-related
matters within the Office of Guest Investigator Programs (OGIP) at
NASA/GSFC, at 
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/ofwg/ofwg_intro.html or at
ftp://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_info/ in the directories ofwg_minutes
and ofwg_recomm.  The HFWG has developed a number of FITS conventions
that are more specific than the requirements of the FITS standards.
Proposed conventions are publicized to the FITS community as a whole,
with the goal of collaborative development of a set of conventions
that will be accepted throughout the community as well as within
OGIP/HEASARC. 

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Direct questions about this posting to 
				Barry M. Schlesinger
				Coordinator,
				FITS Support Office

Electronic mail: fits at nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov
Telephone:       +1-301-286-2899		

The FITS Support Office is operated under the guidance of the
NASA/GSFC Astrophysics Data Facility.


