From marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu Sat Apr  2 19:38:37 1994
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	["1556" "" " 2" "April" "1994" "06:06:37" "" "Marc Andreessen" "marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu" "<MARCA.94Apr2060637@wintermute.ncsa.uiuc.edu>" "39" "Re: Standards for exchange of scientific data via WWW?" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994040206:06:37" "Standards for exchange of scientific data via WWW?" (number " " mark "     Marc Andreessen   Apr  2   39/1556  " thread-indent "\"Re: Standards for exchange of scientific data via WWW?\"\n") "<2ni8eu$99p@ncar.ucar.edu>"]
	nil)
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	<2ni6uh$p34@paperboy.gsfc.nasa.gov> <2ni8eu$99p@ncar.ucar.edu>
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In-reply-to: ilana@kiowa.scd.ucar.edu's message of 1 Apr 1994 22:50:06 GMT
From: marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu (Marc Andreessen)
Subject: Re: Standards for exchange of scientific data via WWW?
Date: 2 Apr 94 06:06:37

   > BTW, you are correct that Mosaic "understands" HDF files in that
   > it can read the files and produce HTML docs showing the contents
   > in a browse-like fashion.

Yup.  This includes representing hierarchical datasets through virtual
(generated on the fly) hypermedia trees, displaying images and
palettes contained within datasets, displaying full information about
dataset structure and contents in human-readable form, and providing a
facility to transfer pieces of the dataset to external programs like
AVS via a data IPC mechanism called "Data Transfer Mechanism", or DTM,
which is another product of NCSA.  More information should be in the
Mosaic docs.  (This applies to the X version of Mosaic only, so far as
I know.)

This is really neat stuff if you're into scientific data -- even if it
doesn't suit your exact needs, I think it vividly demonstrates how
things can be done well in a general, flexible environment like
Mosaic.  (I can say that because I didn't write Mosaic's HDF support,
Chris Houck of NCSA did.)

   > Actually, I'm pretty sure that the same is true netCDF files,
   > which are interpreted as if they were HDF SDSs.

Yup -- completely transparently.

   I can think of applications (meaning uses, not programs) where this
   wouldn't be desirable behavior.  Of course one could turn off this
   feature, I assume, and just save the data to a file.

Yup -- just activate "Load To Local Disk".

Cheers,
Marc

--
Marc Andreessen
Enterprise Integration Technologies
Palo Alto, California
marca@eit.com, marca@netcom.com

From ilana@kiowa.scd.ucar.edu Sun Apr  3 15:21:10 1994
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	["1787" "" " 1" "April" "1994" "00:36:27" "GMT" "Ilana Stern" "ilana@kiowa.scd.ucar.edu" "<2nfqab$4n0@ncar.ucar.edu>" "38" "Re: Standards for exchange of scientific data via WWW?" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994040100:36:27" "Standards for exchange of scientific data via WWW?" (number " " mark "     Ilana Stern       Apr  1   38/1787  " thread-indent "\"Re: Standards for exchange of scientific data via WWW?\"\n") "<2nf8m1$mkf@hsdndev.harvard.edu>"]
	nil)
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From: ilana@kiowa.scd.ucar.edu (Ilana Stern)
Subject: Re: Standards for exchange of scientific data via WWW?
Date: 1 Apr 1994 00:36:27 GMT

In article <2nf8m1$mkf@hsdndev.harvard.edu>, Jeff E Mandel <Jeff_Mandel@Harvard.edu> writes:
 
> I have the following questions:
> 
> 1) Has anyone else discussed the possibility of distributing datasets via
> WWW?

There are two issues here:  the format of the dataset, and the method
of distribution.  We (NCAR) distribute some datasets by ftp, and we
have a quasi-WWW site (it's hypertext served by ftp, until we get a
real http server), so in a sense you could say we distribute datasets
via WWW.  But the data format is not MIMEish or anything -- it's mostly
just ascii (or occasionally packed binary) data.

See ftp://ncardata.ucar.edu/catalogs/.html/README.html for examples.

> 2) Are there any standards for dataset formats? I need something more
> efficient than tab-delimited text.

See the sci.data.formats FAQ (I've crossposted to that group) at
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/HDF/SciDataFormatsFAQ.html
I think HDF is understood by Mosaic.  Basically, packed binary data is
the way to go for most scientific datasets, because it's 1) efficient
and 2) not machine-dependent.

> 3) Is there a way to build a WAIS index of this, so that only the text is
> indexed, and not the data? Consider the file containing the 200 word 
> abstract of the paper "Creatine
> blood levels in 500 patients with chronic renal failure sampled at 10
> minute intervals for 3 years" followed by the gazillion values

Michael Schwartz at the University of Colorado has done some work
creating a Wais indexing scheme called Essence which does just this.  

-- 
/\     "This technique probably only makes the difference | dod#0009
  \_][     between serious injury and total disaster."    | ilana@ncar.ucar.edu
      \__<a href=ftp://ncardata.ucar.edu/catalogs/.html/me.html>Ilana Stern</a>

From caraher@eid.anl.gov Wed Apr  6 13:59:24 1994
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	["1146" "Wed" " 6" "April" "1994" "15:11:50" "GMT" "PJ Caraher" "caraher@eid.anl.gov" "<CnuFJr.461@mcs.anl.gov>" "39" "Re: Format of Postscript files" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994040615:11:50" "Format of Postscript files" (number " " mark "     PJ Caraher        Apr  6   39/1146  " thread-indent "\"Re: Format of Postscript files\"\n") "<2ntlt1$8bh@werple.apana.org.au>"]
	nil)
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From: caraher@eid.anl.gov (PJ Caraher)
Sender: usenet@mcs.anl.gov
Subject: Re: Format of Postscript files
Date: Wed, 6 Apr 1994 15:11:50 GMT

In article 8bh@werple.apana.org.au, hackcat@werple.apana.org.au (Geoff O'Callaghan) writes:
> ok, so this may not be valid for sci.data.formats,
> but can anyone tell me where I can find information on the postscript
> language.
> 
> please don't flame me as i'm combustible.
> 
> e-mail to hackcat@werple.apana.org.au, or via this newsgroup.
> 
> TIA
> Geoff O'Callaghan
> 

I can recommend two books written by Adobe Systems Incorporated (The
folks who invented PostScript).

	PostScript Language Reference Manual
	Addison-Wesley
	ISBN 0-201-10174-2

This book gives a brief overview and provides the semantics of all of
the PostScript operators.

	PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook
	Addison-Wesley
	ISBN 0-201-10179-3

This book offers a tutorial and explaination of how PostScript operates.
There are some useful examples - I found it to be a good learning tool.

Beware!  PostScript programming can be quite addictive :)

PJ Caraher  

---
|                                                             |
| My name is NOT Dave Rhodes, but you can send me $1 anyway!  |
|                                                             |


From dilg@ulabsgi Wed Apr  6 14:53:43 1994
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	["1671" "" " 6" "April" "1994" "17:43:41" "GMT" "Doug Ilg" "dilg@ulabsgi" "<2nuscd$4la@paperboy.gsfc.nasa.gov>" "37" "Re: HDF: machine independent?" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994040617:43:41" "HDF: machine independent?" (number " " mark "     Doug Ilg          Apr  6   37/1671  " thread-indent "\"Re: HDF: machine independent?\"\n") "<2nuhod$3vj@reznor.larc.nasa.gov>"]
	nil)
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From: dilg@ulabsgi (Doug Ilg)
Subject: Re: HDF: machine independent?
Date: 6 Apr 1994 17:43:41 GMT

Ken Stone (stone@hops.larc.nasa.gov) wrote:
:     Sorry to beat this thing into the ground, but ...

: I found this statement on the net while browsing with Mosaic:

:  > The HDF design is not machine independent, but it defines the  
:  > data completely.

Where on the Web did you find this?  As a former HDF developer, this is
not the way I'd describe HDF, although I suppose it's not a completely
inaccurate statement.

:     If I ship an HDF file that was created on our RS/6000 to someone
: on a VMS machine, will the HDF library handle the translation of 
: bits/bytes/etc?  It doesn't use XDR like netCDF though, right?  

First, yes, HDF will handle the reading/writing of the data you have
tranferred from the RS6000 to the VAX.  However, due to the way FTP
behaves on VMS machines (in particular, the RMS attributes given to
FTP'd files), you need to run the "fixatr" utility once on your newly
FTP'd file to allow HDF to access the file properly.  This utility is
part of the HDF source code distribution and I think it will automatically
get compiled when you build HDF on a VMS machine.

Second, no, HDF does not use XDR, per se.  The library contains its own
conversion routines that are much faster than the XDR library although
they produce IEEE-formatted numbers just like XDR.  These routines also
take advantage of special features on some systems.  For example, Cray
machines running UNICOS have extremely fast vectorized IEEE conversion
routines built into the system.  The HDF library will use calls to the
Cray routines in place of its own functions to do conversions on Crays.

I hope this helps clear things up, Ken.

Doug Ilg
Hughes STX
EOSDIS

From chouck@xongmao.ncsa.uiuc.edu Mon Apr 11 16:45:20 1994
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	["1718" "" "11" "April" "1994" "17:33:49" "GMT" "Chris Houck" "chouck@xongmao.ncsa.uiuc.edu" "<chouck.766085629@xongmao>" "43" "Re: HDF: machine independent?" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994041117:33:49" "HDF: machine independent?" (number " " mark "     Chris Houck       Apr 11   43/1718  " thread-indent "\"Re: HDF: machine independent?\"\n") "<2o4k8f$fmr@reznor.larc.nasa.gov>"]
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From: chouck@xongmao.ncsa.uiuc.edu (Chris Houck)
Subject: Re: HDF: machine independent?
Date: 11 Apr 94 17:33:49 GMT

stone@hops.larc.nasa.gov (Ken Stone) writes:

>|> : I found this statement on the net while browsing with Mosaic:
>|> 
>|> :  > The HDF design is not machine independent, but it defines the  
>|> :  > data completely.
>|> 
>    
>    I found the HDF information in this SDG page...
>    
>http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Brochure/Overview/HDF.UCD.overview.html

Yup, sure enough it says that.  I've contacted the people in 
charge of that project and they will be fixing this text.

I think they were trying to make a reference to HDF's support
of "native" number types.  If you are on, say, a VAX and know
your file will be staying on VAXen you can have all of your
numbers written out in native VAX format rather than being 
converted to IEEE format in order to save time.  

However, if you then move that file to a Cray you are kinda 
out of luck as far as HDF is concerned.  The library will
tell you "hey neat, there are VAX 32-bit floats here" but will
have no clue about how to convert them to Cray 32-bit floats.

By default, HDF builds itself with local->IEEE and IEEE->local
converters (plus local->PC and PC->local since PCs need all
the spare cycles they can get :-).  We have debated putting in 
local->anything and anything->local but haven't really heard the
demand.

The default is to store numbers in IEEE format, so we assume
that if a user makes the effort to store things in native
format they realize that they may be shooting themselves in
the foot as far as portability is concerned.

I assume that's what the document writer was driving at.  Why
it was brought it up in the context of some other project and
then only given a one sentence explanation is unclear.

-Chris Houck
HDF Group

From bschlesinger@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov Tue Apr 26 21:21:23 1994
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	["574" "" "26" "April" "1994" "09:27" "EDT" "BARRY M. SCHLESINGER" "bschlesinger@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov" "<26APR199409271112@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov>" "14" "Re: IEEE floating point standards" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994042613:27:00" "IEEE floating point standards" (number " " mark "     BARRY M. SCHLESIN Apr 26   14/574   " thread-indent "\"Re: IEEE floating point standards\"\n") "<2ph375$cc3@lynx.unm.edu>"]
	nil)
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From: bschlesinger@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov (BARRY M. SCHLESINGER)
Subject: Re: IEEE floating point standards
Date: 26 Apr 1994 09:27 EDT

In article <2ph375$cc3@lynx.unm.edu>, realone@chama.eece.unm.edu (realone) writes...
>Can someone direct me to a copy of the IEEE standard for binary floating point
>arithmetic on the net.
> 

Our office has a printed copy of the IEEE standard for binary floating
point arithmetic, which is copyright 1986 by the IEEE.  On the same 
page as the copyright notice it states that the no part of the
publication may be reproduced in an electronic retrieval system
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

				Barry Schlesinger
				NSSDC/NOST FITS Support Office


From dal@vanbc.wimsey.com Fri Apr 29 22:10:57 1994
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	["12071" "" "29" "April" "1994" "17:06:09" "GMT" "Dale A. Lutz" "dal@vanbc.wimsey.com" "<2preq1$ker@wolfe.wimsey.com>" "277" "Spatial Archive and Interchange Format FAQ" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994042917:06:09" "Spatial Archive and Interchange Format FAQ" (number " " mark "     Dale A. Lutz      Apr 29  277/12071 " thread-indent "\"Spatial Archive and Interchange Format FAQ\"\n") nil]
	nil)
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Summary: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers about the
	 Spatial Archive and Interchange Format (SAIF)
Keywords: SAIF, FAQ
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2]
From: dal@vanbc.wimsey.com (Dale A. Lutz)
Subject: Spatial Archive and Interchange Format FAQ
Date: 29 Apr 1994 17:06:09 GMT

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     SAIF Frequently Asked Questions List 
                                  Version 1.05
                                 April 29, 1994
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This is the first release of the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) for
the Spatial Archive and Interchange Format (SAIF).

This FAQ will be crossposted periodically to the following newsgroups: 

        comp.infosystems.gis
        sci.data.formats
        news.answers (once the moderator's approve it!)
        comp.answers (ditto)

If you have any suggestions for corrections, changes, expansion or
further clarification of this FAQ, please send them to the SAIF FAQ
author and maintainer, Dale Lutz, care of "infosafe@safe.com".

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following topics are covered in this FAQ:
                                        
Q1: What is SAIF?
Q2: Where is SAIF being used?
Q3: Who created and maintains SAIF?
Q4: What is the SAIF toolkit?
Q5: Where can I get more information on SAIF?
Q6: Is the SAIF Specification on the Web?
Q7: What FTP sites carry the SAIF Specification document?
Q8: What's the easiest way to get familar with SAIF?
Q9: What FTP sites carry the SQL/3 papers?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q1: What is SAIF?
-----------------
Spatial Archive and Interchange Format (SAIF, pronounced safe) is a
Canadian geomatics standard for the exchange of geographic data. The
underlying model itself is devoid of geographic meaning; rather it deals
with fundamental concepts from mathematics and computer science.  SAIF
uses an object oriented data model,  and consists of definitions of the
underlying building blocks, including tuples, sets, lists, enumerations,
and primitives.  It also includes the rules for defining higher level
constructs, and the SAIF standard defines a base set of approximately
300 classes.  These include such things as Points, Spatial Reference
Systems, Map Projections, Arcs, and Polygons.

By design, SAIF is intended to be extended by users through the
development of their own schemas.  SAIF has an object oriented data
definition language, Class Syntax Notation (CSN), which is used to
define new types.  In addition to being useful as the means of extending
SAIF, CSN is also the language employed to describe all of the types
included in the SAIF base schema.

Instances of objects in SAIF are expressed using Object Syntax Notation (OSN),
a simple character based notation.

There is also a binary exchange file format defined for SAIF data based
on the 'zip' compression format called SAIF/ZIP.  A toolkit is being
produced which will make it easy to read and write SAIF data in this
format (see Q4).

A company has formed to provide tools and training for the SAIF data
standard.  Safe Software may be contacted by email at infosafe@safe.com
or by phone at either (604) 241-4424 or (604) 583-2016.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q2: Where is SAIF being used?
-----------------------------
In 1991 SAIF was accepted as a draft standard for the exchange of
geographic data by the Canadian General Standards Board, Committee on
Geomatics.  Since that time several upgrades have been made, culminating
in the current specification. SAIF has been approved (1993) through the
CGSB process as a national standard in Canada.  The province of
British Columbia has been using SAIF for more than two years.

The present document, Release 3.1, contains a number of significant
changes made in response to two related efforts.  The first involves the
development of the ISO SQL Multimedia Spatial standard. A new release of
SQL,  SQL3, is being developed. SQL/MM will be a companion standard. The
SQL/MM Spatial is a component of SQL/MM intended to address the
management of spatial and spatiotemporal data in the context of database
management systems.

The second effort concerns the development of the Open Geodata
Interoperability Specification (OGIS) under the auspices of the Open GIS
Foundation (OGF). The OGF has been designated (1994) by the U.S. Federal
Geographic Data Committee as the lead organization responsible for
defining an interoperability specification suitable for geoprocessing
activities.

Harmonization of SAIF, SQL/MM Spatial and OGIS is leading to a
common understanding of geomatics data. Integration with DIGEST
and SDTS is also being addressed.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q3: Who created and maintains SAIF?
-----------------------------------

SAIF is a product of the Geomatics Unit, Surveys and Resource Mapping
Branch (SRMB) of the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and
Parks. SRMB is involved in geographic data management, geographic
analysis, and image applications. The following individuals have been
involved with the SAIF initiative:

Joe Carr ------ SAIF Toolkit
   Internet: jcarr@venus.gov.bc.ca       Tel: (604) 387-1353
Peter Friesen - modelling and applications
   Internet: pfriesen@venus.gov.bc.ca    Tel: (604) 387-9347
Henry Kucera -- databases and Canadian ISO SQL/MM Spatial contributions
   Internet: hkucera@venus.gov.bc.ca     Tel: (604) 356-2388
Mark Sondheim - SAIF formal definition; director of the SAIF initiative
   Internet: msondheim@galaxy.gov.bc.ca  Tel: (604) 387-9352

SRMB's fax number is (604) 356-7831. 

SRMB would like to extend special thanks to those in the ISO SQL, OGIS,
and Sequoia communities who have contributed both directly and
indirectly to SAIF.

SRMB staff have also provided material for this FAQ.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q4: What is the SAIF toolkit?
-----------------------------
At the moment, there are no tools available to manipulate SAIF data.
However, by the fourth quarter of '94, the SAIF Toolkit will be
available.  This toolkit is being developed for the Surveys and Resource
Mapping Branch of the BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks by
Safe Software Inc. of Richmond, BC.  The toolkit will contain a C
library for reading and writing data in SAIF format, which will simplify
the creation of SAIF translators.  As well, the toolkit will contain
tools to allow inspection and testing of SAIF Schemas.

The Toolkit is designed to work with SAIF datasets. Four points are
noteworthy:

1   Each SAIF dataset may contain a mix of data in SAIF format and other
    formats. (This capability may be of interest for example in
    multimedia applications.)
2   The Toolkit is being designed to accommodate datasets which may
    range in size from very large to very small.
3   Objects in a SAIF dataset may reference other objects in the dataset
    through object identifiers; they may also reference objects outside
    the dataset.
4   Geographic data in SAIF format, resident in a SAIF dataset, occupies
    significantly less space than typical proprietary formats associated
    with commercial GIS systems.

Although portability is the goal, the toolkit will initially target the
Windows 3.1 and Solaris platforms.  It is being written in C++ and will
be useable by both C and C++ developers in both Unix and Microsoft
Windows environments.

Safe Software will also be producing a suite of SAIFTools which will
supplement those provided by the toolkit.

If you are interested in more information about the SAIF Toolkit or
would like to participate in its testing or design reviews, please
contact Joe Carr.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q5: Where can I get more information on SAIF?
---------------------------------------------
1)  Safe Software maintains a home page for SAIF at this URL:  

        http://www.wimsey.com/~infosafe/saif/saifHome.html

    This home page will be continually updated to point to all known
    SAIF information available on the net.

2)  You can join the SAIF Mailing List which will keep you up-to-date
    with announcements and developments pertaining to SAIF.  Send an
    email to "infosafe@safe.com" with the subject "SAIF Request" to be
    added to the list.

3)  You can FTP the SAIF 3.1 specification, print it out, and read it.
    See Q7.

4)  You can use physical mail and contact:

        SAIF Info,
        Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch, 
        B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks,
        Fourth Floor, 1802 Douglas Street, 
        Victoria, BC  CANADA V8V 1X4
        Tel: (604) 387-1353
        Fax: (604) 356-7831

5)  You can order a hard copy of the SAIF 3.1 specification (price approx 
    CDN$20/copy) by contacting:

          MAPSBC
          Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch
          B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks
          Third Floor, 1802 Douglas Street
          Victoria, BC  CANADA  V8V 1X4
          Tel: (604) 387-1441
          Fax: (604) 387-3022


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Q6: Is the SAIF Specification on the Web?
-----------------------------------------
Yes, a fully hypertexted version of the SAIF specification is available at:

    http://www.wimsey.com/~infosafe/saif/saif31spec.html

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Q7: What FTP sites carry the SAIF Specification document?
---------------------------------------------------------
The SAIF specification is available from the following two FTP sites:

    site:         s2k-ftp.cs.berkeley.edu
    directory:    pub/sequoia/schema/STANDARDS/SAIF
    
    site:         moon.cecer.army.mil
    directory:    ogis/related/SAIF3.1

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Q8: What's the easiest way to get familar with SAIF?
----------------------------------------------------
You should get the SAIF 3.1 specification document (either hardcopy
softcopy, or by browsing the Web).

If you are looking for a very high level understanding of SAIF, read
the Foreward and Section 1.1 only. This amounts to two pages.

If you want a greater degree of familiarity, say something that can be
digested in an hour or so, the following sections are suggested:
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, and 4.7. These constitute about 29
pages.

The WWW version of the document has a "quick tour" that will guide you
to these parts.

To come up to speed with the SAIF base set of classes, we recommend you
browse them with a hypertext tool rather than by reading the document.
If you have WWW access, you can do that (see Q6).

For those who do not have Web access, Safe Software is considering
producing a stand-alone Windows 3.1 hypertext version of the
specification and distributing it for a small handling charge.  Send
email to "infosafe@safe.com" if you would be interested.

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Q9: What FTP sites carry the SQL/3 MM papers?
---------------------------------------------

SAIF is the base for the SQL/3 MM Spatial extension.  The documents
pertaining to the SQL/3 MultiMedia extension are at:

    site:         speckle.ncsl.nist.gov
    directory:    isowg3/sqlmm

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dale Lutz                    Safe Software, Inc                  dal@safe.com
                            Richmond, BC, CANADA               (604) 241-4424
                         http://www.wimsey.com/~dal
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dale Lutz                    Safe Software, Inc                   dal@safe.com
                            Richmond, BC, CANADA                (604) 241-4424
                         http://www.wimsey.com/~dal
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

