From dwells@nrao.edu Wed Apr 13 00:26:44 1994 X-VM-Message-Order: (2 1 4 3 5 6) Status: RO X-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil] ["1486" "Wed" "13" "April" "1994" "04:07:34" "GMT" "Don Wells" "dwells@nrao.edu" "" "30" "Re: HELP! FTS format and IDL input" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994041304:07:34" "HELP! FTS format and IDL input" (number " " mark " Don Wells Apr 13 30/1486 " thread-indent "\"Re: HELP! FTS format and IDL input\"\n") ""] nil) X-VM-Summary-Format: "%n %*%a %-17.17F %-3.3m %2d %4l/%-5c %I\"%s\"\n" X-VM-Labels: nil X-VM-VHeader: ("Resent-" "From:" "Sender:" "To:" "Apparently-To:" "Cc:" "Subject:" "Date:") nil X-VM-Bookmark: 6 Newsgroups: sci.image.processing Path: saips.cv.nrao.edu!news.cv.nrao.edu!dwells In-Reply-To: gbearman@nasamail.jpl.nasa.gov's message of Tue, 12 Apr 1994 10:26:04 Message-ID: Organization: nrao References: Lines: 30 From: dwells@nrao.edu (Don Wells) Sender: news@news.cv.nrao.edu Subject: Re: HELP! FTS format and IDL input Date: Wed, 13 Apr 1994 04:07:34 GMT In article gbearman@nasamail.jpl.nasa.gov (Gregory Bearman) writes: ".. I am looking for information on the first 2880 bytes of the FTS format so I can extract the header information from my files. I need to be able to read it, not just skip over it to get to the data file itself.." These must be FITS [Flexible Image Transport System] files. FITS headers are ASCII text, 80 characters per line, 36 lines per 2880 byte logical record. If you are an Emacs user, take a look at a FITS header; it is in keyword=value style, and for a simple FITS file you can probably guess the meanings of the keywords. Beware of the assumption that the headers of FITS files are always a single 2880-byte logical record; FITS headers can be arbitrarily long, and your code must read until it sees the 'END' keyword. If you have Mosaic, look at URL http://fits.cv.nrao.edu/ In particular, the definitive answers to your questions are in the file file://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits/documents/standards/fits_standard.ps Finally, you can post queries to newsgroup sci.astro.fits, the place where the worldwide FITS user community meets to talk about FITS. -- Donald C. Wells Associate Scientist dwells@nrao.edu http://fits.cv.nrao.edu/~dwells National Radio Astronomy Observatory +1-804-296-0277 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-2475 USA From brhunt@crl.com Wed Apr 13 11:10:38 1994 Status: RO X-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil] ["2523" "" "12" "April" "1994" "21:24:15" "-0700" "Brian R Hunt" "brhunt@crl.com" "<2ofs5f$kj2@crl2.crl.com>" "57" "Re: HELP! FTS format and IDL input" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994041304:24:15" "HELP! FTS format and IDL input" (number " " mark " Brian R Hunt Apr 12 57/2523 " thread-indent "\"Re: HELP! FTS format and IDL input\"\n") ""] nil) Path: saips.cv.nrao.edu!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!concert!news.duke.edu!MathWorks.Com!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!news.umbc.edu!haven.umd.edu!ames!sgiblab!gatekeeper.us.oracle.com!decwrl!nntp.crl.com!crl2.crl.com!not-for-mail Newsgroups: sci.image.processing Organization: CRL Dialup Internet Access (415) 705-6060 [login: guest] Lines: 57 Message-ID: <2ofs5f$kj2@crl2.crl.com> References: NNTP-Posting-Host: crl2.crl.com X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2] From: brhunt@crl.com (Brian R Hunt) Subject: Re: HELP! FTS format and IDL input Date: 12 Apr 1994 21:24:15 -0700 Gregory Bearman (gbearman@nasamail.jpl.nasa.gov) wrote: : I am looking for information on the first 2880 bytes of the FTS format so I : can extract the header information from my files. I need to be able to read : it, not just skip over it to get to the data file itself. This info is from "Graphics File Formats" by Kay and Levine; ISBN 0-8306-3059-7: FITS files is blocked in 2880 byte records. The file starts with header records each of which is 36 80 byte ASCII card images (2880 bytes!). Note that there can be more than one header record of 36 card images. Each card consists of a key word starting in column 1. Keywords consist of uppercase letters, digits, underscores and hyphens. If the card assigns a value to the keyword, column nine contains an equal sign. i.e. all keywords are nine characters or less. Character values are enclosed in single quotes ''. Strings must be atleast 8 characters long excluding the quotes, padded with blanks if needed. Numeric values are right justified with the last character in column 30. For complex values, the imaginary part of the number is right justified with the last character in column 50. Floating point values must contain a decimal point. a signed exponent can be included following a D or E. There are four mandatory keywords: SIMPLE = T / indicates file conforms to FITS format BITPIX = 16 / FITS bits per pixel NAXIS = 2 / number of axes (x, y in this case) NAXIS1 = 512 / indicats a 512 x 512 image NAXIS2 = 512 / . . END There a lot of other optional keywords and some that are specially defined depending on the source. commments may be included after a / character in column 10 or after the value. END must appear on a card by itself. If there are not 36 cards in the header (or modulo 36) then the rest of the 2880 must be filled with blanks. Data records, each 2880 bytes follow the header record. The image data is padded with zeros to fill out the last 2880 byte record. There is a NASA/OSSA Office of Standards and Technology reference in the book: Implementation of the Flexible Image Transport System. Draft Standard NOST 100-0.3b. Greenbelt, MD. GSFC. November 6, 1991. Probably has the formal definition in it. I haven't implemented FITS software based on the book, but I've used their other format descriptions and they worked ok. Good luck! Brian Hunt Half Moon Bay, CA From mvivino@helix.nih.gov Sat Apr 23 10:53:22 1994 Status: RO X-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil] ["548" "Fri" "22" "April" "1994" "19:24:42" "GMT" "Mark A. Vivino" "mvivino@helix.nih.gov" "" "18" "Re: Reduce 12-bit greyscale image to 8-bit" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994042219:24:42" "Reduce 12-bit greyscale image to 8-bit" (number " " mark " Mark A. Vivino Apr 22 18/548 " thread-indent "\"Re: Reduce 12-bit greyscale image to 8-bit\"\n") "<16F9F11DAE.CHLBS079@TWNMOE10.Edu.TW>"] nil) Newsgroups: sci.image.processing Path: saips.cv.nrao.edu!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!darwin.sura.net!nih-csl!mavmac.dcrt.nih.gov!user Message-ID: Followup-To: sci.image.processing Organization: National Institutes of Health References: <16F9F11DAE.CHLBS079@TWNMOE10.Edu.TW> Lines: 18 From: mvivino@helix.nih.gov (Mark A Vivino) Sender: postman@alw.nih.gov (AMDS Postmaster) Subject: Re: Reduce 12-bit greyscale image to 8-bit Date: Fri, 22 Apr 1994 19:24:42 GMT In article CHLBS079@TWNMOE10.Edu.TW wrote: > > We use a scanner to digitize our grey scale image. The scanner will > product 12-bit image. But we would like to store and display the images > in 8-bit. Are there any good way to do so? > Thank you. If you have a mac, NIH Image has some nifty ways of doing this and handling the conversion. NIH Image is public domain on zippy.nimh.nih.gov -- Mark Vivino mvivino@helix.nih.gov Computational Biosciences and Engineering Lab Image Processing Research Section National Institutes of Health From richard@concave.cs.wits.ac.za Sat Apr 23 10:55:40 1994 Status: RO X-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil] ["1072" "" "20" "April" "1994" "15:17:53" "GMT" "Richard Dorman" "richard@concave.cs.wits.ac.za" "<2p3h31$a14@caesar.wits.ac.za>" "31" "Re: Importing dxf autocad files" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994042015:17:53" "Importing dxf autocad files" (number " " mark " Richard Dorman Apr 20 31/1072 " thread-indent "\"Re: Importing dxf autocad files\"\n") "<2p0f1oINNbt5@tom.rz.uni-passau.de>"] nil) Xref: saips.cv.nrao.edu sci.image.processing:7141 alt.cad.autocad:6825 Path: saips.cv.nrao.edu!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!caen!batcomputer!cornell!travelers.mail.cornell.edu!news.tc.cornell.edu!news.cac.psu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!ee.und.ac.za!csir.co.za!hippo.ru.ac.za!caesar.wits.ac.za!concave.cs.wits.ac.za!richard Newsgroups: sci.image.processing,alt.cad.autocad Organization: University of the Witwatersrand Lines: 31 Distribution: world Message-ID: <2p3h31$a14@caesar.wits.ac.za> References: <2p0f1oINNbt5@tom.rz.uni-passau.de> NNTP-Posting-Host: concave.cs.wits.ac.za From: richard@concave.cs.wits.ac.za (Richard Dorman) Subject: Re: Importing dxf autocad files Date: 20 Apr 1994 15:17:53 GMT In article <2p0f1oINNbt5@tom.rz.uni-passau.de>, friedric@dvorak.fmi.uni-passau.de (Carsten Friedrich) writes: > Hi, > > I want to import autocad DXF files in my program. Can anyone tell me where I can find > a specification of the dxf format, and/or give me some piece of code where I can > extract it from ? > > thanks and greetings, > carsten > > --- You should be able to find the DXF file format at avalon.chinalake.navy.mil I can't remember the path to the file, but as fas as I can remember, the site isn't all that big so you shouldn't have to much trouble finding it. Richard -- __________________________________________ | Richard Dorman |_ | University of the Witwatersrand | | | Johannesburg | | | South Africa | | | | | | E-Mail : richard@concave.cs.wits.ac.za | | |__________________________________________| | |__________________________________________| From konkol@vax.oxford.ac.uk Wed Apr 27 17:32:15 1994 Status: RO X-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil] ["500" "" "26" "April" "1994" "14:04:29" "BST" "ATTILA KONKOL" "konkol@vax.oxford.ac.uk" "<1994Apr26.140429.22284@oxvaxd>" "19" "Re: image format" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994042613:04:29" "image format" (number " " mark " ATTILA KONKOL Apr 26 19/500 " thread-indent "\"Re: image format\"\n") "<1994Apr26.025806.29178@cs.yale.edu>"] nil) Path: saips.cv.nrao.edu!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!caen!zip.eecs.umich.edu!yeshua.marcam.com!MathWorks.Com!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!howland.reston.ans.net!pipex!uknet!comlab.ox.ac.uk!oxuniv!konkol Newsgroups: sci.image.processing Message-ID: <1994Apr26.140429.22284@oxvaxd> References: <1994Apr26.025806.29178@cs.yale.edu> Distribution: world Organization: Oxford University VAX 6620 Lines: 19 From: konkol@vax.oxford.ac.uk (ATTILA KONKOL) Subject: Re: image format Date: 26 Apr 94 14:04:29 BST In article <1994Apr26.025806.29178@cs.yale.edu>, tma@cs.yale.edu (Tianyun Ma) writes: > Are there any books to describe the format of the image files, like GIF, TIFF, > BMP , etc. > > I mean, if I know the brightness and locations of a bunch of pixels, how can > I generate a GIF file that can be displayed via XV? > > Thank you! Steve Rimmer: Bitmapped Graphics Windcrest Books, Blue Ridge Summit ISBN 0-8306-8558-8 There is an advanced version of this book with similar title. Regards Attila From ihle@achilles.cs.wisc.edu Wed Apr 27 17:32:45 1994 Status: RO X-VM-v5-Data: ([nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil] ["2598" "" "26" "April" "1994" "16:39:49" "GMT" "Torsten Ihle" "ihle@achilles.cs.wisc.edu" "" "68" "Re: image format" "^From:" nil nil "4" "1994042616:39:49" "image format" (number " " mark " Torsten Ihle Apr 26 68/2598 " thread-indent "\"Re: image format\"\n") "<1994Apr26.025806.29178@cs.yale.edu>"] nil) Path: saips.cv.nrao.edu!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!darwin.sura.net!howland.reston.ans.net!agate!msuinfo!uchinews!daffy!uwvax!spool!ihle Newsgroups: sci.image.processing Organization: CS Department, University of Wisconsin Lines: 68 Message-ID: References: <1994Apr26.025806.29178@cs.yale.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: achilles.cs.wisc.edu In-reply-to: tma@cs.yale.edu's message of Tue, 26 Apr 1994 02:58:06 GMT From: ihle@achilles.cs.wisc.edu (Torsten Ihle) Subject: Re: image format Date: 26 Apr 1994 16:39:49 GMT In article <1994Apr26.025806.29178@cs.yale.edu> tma@cs.yale.edu (Tianyun Ma) writes: > Newsgroups: sci.image.processing > Path: uwvax!uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!gatech!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!gumby!yale!cs.yale.edu!tma > From: tma@cs.yale.edu (Tianyun Ma) > Sender: news@cs.yale.edu (Usenet News) > Nntp-Posting-Host: tuna.zoo2.cs.yale.edu > Organization: Yale University Computer Science Dept., New Haven, CT 06520-2158 > X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5 > Date: Tue, 26 Apr 1994 02:58:06 GMT > Lines: 7 > > Are there any books to describe the format of the image files, like GIF, TIFF, > BMP , etc. > > I mean, if I know the brightness and locations of a bunch of pixels, how can > I generate a GIF file that can be displayed via XV? > > Thank you! My apologies to all netters, but this guy's email-address is unreplyable, so I have to post it. Hi, there are even sites somewhere describing image formats (e.g. wuarchive.wustl.edu in the graphics/formats ), and I this question has been answered a lot in s.i.p. Just look in the archive of this newsgroup. BUT, you don't need to know the formats, since there are zillions of programs out there converting from one to another. Suitable for your purposes would be the pbmplus package (ask archie for it, or maybe it is already installed), there is a program called rawtopgm included. (Enclosed is the man page). You can read pgm-files with xv. rawtopgm(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual rawtopgm(1) NAME rawtopgm - convert raw grayscale bytes into a portable gray- map SYNOPSIS rawtopgm [-headerskip N] [-rowskip N] width height [image- data] DESCRIPTION Reads raw grayscale bytes as input. Produces a portable graymap as output. The input file is just grayscale bytes. You have to specify the width and height on the command line, since the program obviously can't get them from the file. The maxval is assumed to be 255. If the resulting image is upside down, run it through pnmflip -tb . ... ---------------------------------------------------------- Torsten Ihle, Dipl. Inform., Univ. Special & Int. Student, University of Wisconsin, Madison EMail: ihle@cs.wisc.edu Die Schweine von heute sind die Schinken von morgen ! ---------------------------------------------------------- -- ---------------------------------------------------------- Torsten Ihle, Dipl. Inform., Univ. Special & Int. Student, University of Wisconsin, Madison EMail: ihle@cs.wisc.edu Die Schweine von heute sind die Schinken von morgen ! ----------------------------------------------------------